Table 4.
Comparison of previous studies on epidemiology of thyroid eye disease (TED) in Iran, in order of number of TED cases included
| Study location (city) | Time (author [reference number]) | Number of TED cases included | Thyroid disease type | Male (%)/female (%) Mean age (years) | Main clinical TED hallmarks (retraction and proptosis) | Mean duration of eye involvement and thyroid disease and sequence of ophthalmopathy in relation to thyroid dis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Iran (Isfahan) | 2015-2019 (Eshraghi et al.This study) | 383 | 89% Hyper 8.6% Hypo 2.3% Eu |
40.5/59.5 39.5 |
Retraction 77% (of which 54% bilateral) Proptosis 80% (of which 84% bilateral) |
Duration of ophthalmopathy: 23.7 months; Duration of systemic thyroid dis: 42.8 months; Sequence: 50.9% after, 14.9% before, 34.2% simultaneous |
| Capital of Iran (Tehran) | 2003-2005 (Kashkouli et al.10) | 303 | 41.1% Hyper 53.4% Hypo 5.5% Eu |
33.7/66.3 37.1 |
Proptosis 63.4% | Duration of systemic thyroid dis: 49.8 months |
| North of Iran (Rasht) | 2012-2014 (Medghalchi et al.17) | 103 | 81% Hyper 18% Hypo 0.9% Eua |
47.6/52.4 42 |
Retraction 88% (of which 35% bilateral) Proptosis 55% (of which 59% bilateral) |
Duration of ophthalmopathy: 36.5 months; Duration of systemic thyroid dis: 69 months; Interval between diagnosis of thyroid disease and TED was <18 months in 66%, 19-60 months in <20%, and >60 months in 14% |
| Capital of Iran (Tehran) | 2003-2005 (Tari et al.19) | 103 | 92.2% Hyper 2.9% Hypo 4.8% Eu |
46.6/53.4 45 |
Retraction 87% (of which 88.9% bilateral) Proptosis 77.6% (of which 87.5% bilateral) |
Duration of ophthalmopathy: 13.2 months Duration of systemic thyroid dis: 39.4 months |
| North-West of Iran (Hamadan) | 2016-2017 (Eslami et al.15) | 93 | All had Graves’ disease | 27.9/72.1 | Retraction 62.4% Proptosis 46.2% |
No data presented |
| North of Iran (Babol) | 2011-2012 (Gharib et al.16) | 70 | Among 105 Graves’ disease patients | 37.1/62.9 35 |
Proptosis 63% (of which 68% bilateral) Retraction 53% (of which 78% bilateral) |
Sequence: In 65% TED was simultaneous with or occurred within 6 months of diagnosis of thyroid disease, in 20%: Within 7–24 months and in 15% >24 months |
| North-East of Iran (Mashhad) | 2002-2005 (Razavi et al.18) | 68 | 86.2% Hyper 3% Hypo 10.8% Eu |
35.3/64.7 38 |
Retraction 64% (of which 95% bilateral) Proptosis 53% (of which 85% bilateral) |
Duration of systemic thyroid dis: 29.5 months |
| Central Iran (Yazd) | 2001-2002 (Besharati and Rastegar11) | 95 | Among 95 Graves’ disease patients | 37.9/62.1 36.5 |
Proptosis 49.5% (of which 70% bilateral) Retraction 48.4% |
43.8% showed TED 18 months after diagnosis of Graves’ disease |
TED: Thyroid eye disease, Hypo: Hypothyroid, Hyper: Hyperthyroid, Eu: Euthyroid