. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2021 Sep 29;91(4):867–873. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01756-4

Table 4.

Association between SRI prenatal exposure and NOWS severity outcomes.

NOWS severity outcomes	Model 1		P	Model 2		P
NOWS severity outcomes	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
Need for pharmacologic treatment of NOWS	3.58	1.31; 9.76	0.01	3.90	1.40; 10.89	0.01
	HR	95% CI		HR	95% CI
Time to hospital discharge	0.54	0.33, 0.89	0.02	0.51	0.31, 0.84	0.01
Time-to-treatment discontinuation (entire sample)	0.55	0.34, 0.89	0.02	0.53	0.33, 0.86	0.01
Time-to-treatment discontinuation (limited to infants who received pharmacologic treatment)	0.59	0.26, 1.32	0.20	0.54	0.24, 1.23	0.14

Model 1: Adjusted for the type of maternal use of MOUD, hydroxyzine, heroin/misuse of opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, alcohol use, tobacco, marijuana.

Model 2: Adjusted for all covariates in Model 1 and also preterm delivery and initiation of breastfeeding in a hospital.

Note: Odds ratios (OR) > 1 indicates increased odds of the need for pharmacological treatment of NOWS in SRI vs. No SRI group; thus, indicate negative outcome.

Hazard ratios (HR) indicates the ratio of the instantaneous event rate (hospital discharge or discontinuation of treatment) between SRI and no SRI groups. Thus, HR > 1 indicates positive outcome (higher likelihood of being discharged or discontinue treatment earlier) and HR < 1 indicates negative outcome (lower likelihood of being discharged or discontinue treatment earlier).