Fig. 1.

Decreased serum levels of sOX40, but not sOX40L, in atopic dermatitis (AD). Serum levels of soluble (s)OX40 and sOX40L were measured in patients with AD (adults n = 67 and children n = 60) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 31) matched for age and sex with AD adults, by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). (a) In adult patients with AD, serum levels of sOX40 were significantly decreased compared with HC. In children with AD, serum level of sOX40 showed similar levels as in adults with AD. (b) Serum levels of soluble OX40L showed no significant differences between the patients with AD and HC. Data are analysed by Mann-Whitney U test. Boxes indicate median and interquartile range (IQR) and whiskers indicate 10–90 percentiles. The dotted horizontal line indicates the ELISA cut-off value. ****p < 0.0001.