Fig. 4.

Proposed mechanism of dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) participation in psoriasis. Psoriatic DMSCs secrete many cytokines (such as EGF, SCF, IL-11, bFGF, IL-3, IL-8 and HGF), and these cytokines primarily have 4 effects on keratinocye (KC): induction of KC proliferation, induction of KC glycolysis, dysregulation of KC differentiation and reduction of KC junctions. Increased KC glycolysis also induces KC proliferation and reduces KC differentiation. Meanwhile, the decreased KC junctions also dysregulated KC differentiation. Finally, the disequilibrium of KC activity leads to psoriasis characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and aberrant differentiation (32).