Fig 1. A schematic diagram of the experimental setup in the culture incubator.

RPE cells were exposed to 1700 lux of blue (peak λ at 448 nm and 523 nm; 0.85 mW/cm²) or white (peak λ at 443 nm and 533 nm; 0.44 mW/cm²) LED light for 16 h inside the incubator. Cells were cultured in darkness as a negative control. The culture plates were placed on a metal rack, while the selective blue-filtering (S-BF) and UV-filtering (UVF) lenses were placed beneath the culture plates respectively.