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. 2022 Mar 28;20(6):1182–1196. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13801

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© 2022 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Proposed biosynthetic pathway of eugenol synthesis in carnation. (a) Three volatiles were identified by SPME of GC_MS. (b) The content of eugenol at different stages of floral development. (c) Proposed biosynthetic pathway of eugenol synthesis in carnation. Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3‐hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), UDP‐flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT), caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyl transferase (CCOMT), cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), coniferyl alcohol acetatyltransferase (CFAT), eugenol synthase (EGS).