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. 2022 May 10;10:798316. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798316

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Copyright © 2022 Lu, Li, Suo, Huang, Wang, Han and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Identification of differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells in diabetic nephropathy and analysis of their biological implications. (A) Volcano diagram showing the expression differences in marker genes of immune cells between the diabetic kidney specimens and controls. Blue: down-regulation; red: up-regulation and grey: no significance. (B) Hierarchical clustering analysis visualizing the expression patterns of differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells between diabetic kidney specimens and controls. Blue indicates down-regulation and red indicates up-regulation. (C) The PPI network based on the differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells. The depth of the color of bubble was proportional to |log2fold-change|. Blue indicated down-regulation and red indicated up-regulation. (D) Biological processes, (E) cellular components, (F) molecular functions, and (G) KEGG pathways enriched by the differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells. The size of the bubble was proportional to the number of enriched genes.