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. 2022 Mar 24:ciac234. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac234

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 4. — Mean bias and 95% confidence intervals in influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates derived from a test-negative study with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 controls under varying scenarios of $R R_{f l u v x | c o v i d v x}$ , $V E_{f l u}$ , $V E_{c o v i d}$ , and $P_{c o n t r o l s}$ . Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; RR, risk ratio; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; VE, vaccine effectiveness.