Table 3.
Association between HRT use and the likelihood of death in women diagnosed with COVID-19 during the observation period (1 January to 21 June 2020; n = 5,451).
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (i)Unadjusted models | ||||
| HRT use | 0.15 | 0.061 | 0.366 | 0.000 |
| (ii)Maximally adjusted models | ||||
| HRT use | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 0.041 |
| Age 40–64 (years) | 10.40 | 2.48 | 43.30 | 0.001 |
| Age 65–74 (years) | 58.90 | 14.00 | 249.00 | 0.000 |
| Age over 75+ years | 123.00 | 29.70 | 514.00 | 0.000 |
| Ethnicity Asian | 1.32 | 0.77 | 2.24 | 0.311 |
| Ethnicity Black | 0.87 | 0.42 | 1.81 | 0.710 |
| Ethnicity Mixed and other | 1.76 | 0.74 | 4.17 | 0.199 |
| IMD quintile 1 and 2 | 0.81 | 0.58 | 1.13 | 0.221 |
| IMD quintile 3 | 0.98 | 0.68 | 1.41 | 0.922 |
| IMD quintile 4 | 0.80 | 0.56 | 1.15 | 0.233 |
| Household size of 1 | 1.30 | 0.97 | 1.74 | 0.075 |
| Household size of 5–8 | 1.35 | 0.84 | 2.18 | 0.220 |
| Household size of >9 | 1.77 | 1.27 | 2.46 | 0.001 |
| BMI categorized as obese | 0.85 | 0.62 | 1.15 | 0.289 |
| BMI categorized as overweight | 0.87 | 0.66 | 1.16 | 0.350 |
| BMI categorized as underweight | 1.73 | 1.08 | 2.77 | 0.024 |
| Active-smoker | 1.92 | 1.15 | 3.20 | 0.013 |
| Ex-smoker | 1.21 | 0.94 | 1.56 | 0.144 |
| Hypertension | 1.65 | 1.26 | 2.16 | 0.000 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1.16 | 0.83 | 1.62 | 0.379 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1.81 | 0.31 | 10.50 | 0.506 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 1.14 | 0.87 | 1.49 | 0.344 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 3–5 | 1.18 | 0.91 | 1.52 | 0.215 |
| Asthma | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.81 | 0.001 |
| COPD | 1.13 | 0.76 | 1.68 | 0.552 |
| Immunosuppressants | 1.48 | 1.02 | 2.14 | 0.039 |
The following reference categories were used: White for ethnicity, Age band: 18–39 years, IMD: IMD quintile 5 (least deprived), Household size: 2–4, and BMI category: normal weight.