. 2022 May 17;2022:3588297. doi: 10.1155/2022/3588297

Table 2.

Epidemiological studies examining incidence and prevalence of community-acquired UTI in diabetic individuals.

Country [year] study type	DM type	Mean age (years)^b		Sample size [% women]		Measures of association^a	Ref
Country [year] study type	DM type	DM	Non-DM	DM	Non-DM	Measures of association^a	Ref
Canada [2021]	T1DM, T2DM	74^b [63–82]	72^b [53–84]	41,934 [53.3]	108,565 [48.4]	PR = 1.16	[8]
Spain [2020]	T2DM	77.1	66.4	216,741 [59.1]	633,535 [59.5]	IRR = 4.36	[96]
Pakistan [2020]	T2DM	46 ± 11	51 ± 13	512 [56.3]	562 [55.5]	IRR^calc = 2.14	[29]
Portugal [2020]	T2DM	70.9	NI	7,347 [48.9]	NI	IR = 16.2%	[97]
China [2020] P	NR	NR	NR	1804 [NR]	22,181 [NR]	OR = 1.59; P = 0.014	[103]
Iran [2019] CS	T2DM	62.3 ± 14.4	NI	700 [53.4]	NI	IR = 11.3%	[104]
S. Korea [2018]	T2DM	58.2 ± 13.3	58.2 ± 13.3	66,426 [50.4]	132,852 [50.4]	IRR = 1.83	[105]
UK [2018]	T2DM	67.6	NR	96,630 [44.7]	191,822 [44.8]	IRR = 1.53	[6]
UK [2018]	T1DM	56.5	NR	5,863 [41.5]	11,696 [41.5]	IRR = 1.81	[6]
China [2018]	T2DM	59.3 ± 14.1	NI	3,652 [38.7]	NI	IR = 11.2%	[34]
US [2017]	T2DM	60.2 ± 12.8	60.2 ± 12.7	39,295 [47.8]	39,295 [47.8]	IRR = 1.25; P < 0.001	[106]
US [2016]	T1DM	50.7 ± 7.2	NI	572 [100]	NI	IR = 15%	[75]
UK [2016]	T2DM	67 [57–76]	46 [33–61]	34,278 [43.8]	613,052 [51.3]	OR = 1.59; P < 0.001	[74]
Australia [2016] P	T2DM	Overall = 37.1 ± 15.3		396 [48]	2391 [48]	aRR = 3.6	[65]
Denmark[2016] MC	T2DM	65.6 ± 13.6	65.7 ± 13.6	155,158 [45]	774,017 [45]	aRR = 1.41	[107]
Germany [2015]	T2DM	72.8 ± 12.3	NI	456,586	NI	IR^DM = 87.3/10³PY	[76]
US [2014]^c	T2DM	56 ± 13.4	56 ± 13.4	89,790 [49.3]	89,790 [49.3]	IRR^calc = 1.68 OR^calc = 1.75	[66]
US [2014]	T2DM	60.6^d	NI	73,151 [47.9]	NI	PR = 8.2%	[4]
US [2013]	T2DM	63.1 ± 11.7	56.9 ± 15.5	2,671 [60.3]	8,907 [62.3]	OR = 1.54; P < 0.0001	[98]
UK [2014]	T2DM	71 [65–77]	NI	218,805	NI	IR = 99.6/10³PY	[102]
Saudi Arabia [2013]	T2DM	51.9 ± 15.9	NI	1000 [53.1]	NI	PR = 25.3%	[108]
UK [2012]	T2DM	62.6 ± 13.5	62.6 ± 13.7	135,920 [46]	135,920 [46.1]	IRR = 1.53	[77]
Brazil [2012]	NR	Overall = 71.9 ± 6.26		119 [100]	479 [100]	OR = 1.77; P = 0.031	[61]
Sweden [2010] R	T2DM	57.4 ± 10.9	NI	6016 [50.7]	NI	IR = 59.5/10³ PY	[100]
Netherlands [2010]	T1DM	63 ± 17	51 ± 16	50	6618	aOR = 1.9	[71]
Netherlands [2010]	T2DM	66 ± 14	51 ± 16	290	6618	aOR = 2.0; P < 0.001	[71]

Measures of association^a shows the incidence rate (IR) or prevalence rate (PR) where nondiabetic subjects were not included or incidence rate ratio (IRR) or odds ratio (OR). The superscript suffix ^calc refers to OR/IRR calculated using published data. Mean age (years)^b ± standard deviation are shown. In some cases, where mean age is not provided median age [interquartile range] are shown. US [2014]^c; In this study, occurrence of UTI in 1 year follow-up period in all subjects was used to calculate prevalence rate. In contrast, subjects without prior history of UTI (N = 82,239) were grouped as incidence cohort, and the occurrence of UTI in incidence cohort during 1 year follow-up period was used to calculate incidence ratio. ^dCalculated average age based on the provided information. NR∗ refers to data not reported; NI^& to not included.