Table 5.
Studies examining sex as a risk factor of UTI in diabetic individualsa.
| Study [year] | Sample size | %Fb | Measures of associationc | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia [2019] | 239 | 60.2 | OR = 6.55 | [32] |
| China [2018] | 3264 | 43.3 | OR = 10.6; P < 0.001 | [34] |
| China [2016]d | 817 | 49.2 | ORcalc = 4.4; P = 0.004 | [121] |
| UK [2014]e | 218,805 | 49.4 | IRRcalc = 2.9; P < 0.001 | [102] |
| US [2013]f | 11,578 | 61.8 | OR = 4.2; P < 0.0001 | [98] |
| Saudi Arabia [2013] | 1000 | 53.1 | RR = 6.1; P < 0.001 | [108] |
| Sweden [2010] | 6,016 | 50.7 | RR = 3.4 | [100] |
aAll studies included the cohorts of only diabetic individuals. US [2013]f included both diabetic (23.1%) and nondiabetic cohorts. %Fb refers to percentage of female subjects. Measures of associationc: odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) for UTI in diabetic women vs UTI in diabetic men. China [2016]d: All subjects were elderly (>60 years of age) diabetic individuals hospitalized for various reasons. UK [2016]e: All subjects were elderly (>65 years of age) diabetic individuals.