Table 5.

Crop management practices for rice–wheat (RW) system under different scenarios.

Scenariosa/management practices	Sc1	Sc2	Sc3	Sc4	Sc5	Sc6
Field preparation	Rice—2 pass of harrow, 1 pass of rotavator, 2 pass of puddle harrow followed by (fb) planking; Wheat- 2 pass of harrow and rotavator each fb planking	Same as in Sc1	Rice-1 pass of harrow, 1 pass of cultivator fb planking; Wheat-1 pass of harrow, 1 pass of cultivator fb planking	Rice—Same as in Sc3; Wheat- Zero tillage	Zero tillage	Same as in Sc5
Seed rate (kg ha−1)b	Rice-12.5 kg and wheat100 kg	Same as in Sc1	Rice-20 kg and wheat-100 kg	Same as in Sc3	Same as in Sc3	Same as in Sc3
Crop geometry	Random geometry	Same as in Sc1	22–20 cm	Same as in Sc3	Same as in Sc3	Same as in Sc3
Source of fertilizers	Urea (46:0:0) and Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) (18:46:0)	Same as in Sc1	Urea, DAP, Muriate of potash (MOP) (0:0:60), and NPK complex (12:32:16)	urea (46:0:0), DAP, MOP and NPK complex	Same as in Sc4	Neem coated urea (46:0:0), DAP, MOP and NPK complex
Fertilizer (N:P:K) in kg ha−1	Rice-195:58: 00; Wheat- 185:58:00	Same as in Sc1	Rice-150:60:60; Wheat- 150:60:60	Same as in Sc3	Rice-147:60:60 (in 1st year) 153:60:60 (in 2nd year) and 158:60:60 (in 3rd year); Wheat- 143:60:60 (in 1st year), 120:60:60 (in 2nd year) and 134:60:60 (in 3rd year)	Rice-138:39:70 (in 1st year), 140:42:57 (in 2nd year) and 145:44:57 (in 3rd year); Wheat-135:62:60 (in 1st year), 111:58:55 (in 2nd year) and 122:56:55 (in 3rd year)
Water management	Rice—Continuous flooding of 5–6 cm depth for 30–40 days after transplanting fb irrigation applied at alternate wetting and drying Wheat- 4–6 irrigation as per requirement	Same as in Sc1	Rice—Soil was kept wet up to 20 days after sowing fb irrigation applied at hair-line cracks Wheat- 4–6 irrigation as per critical crop growth stages	Same as in Sc3	Rice—Soil was kept wet till germination fb irrigation at − 20 to − 30 kPa matric potential; Wheat- Irrigation at − 50 to − 55 kPa matric potential	Same as in Sc5

^aRefer Table 4 for scenario description.

^bSeed treatment was done with Bavistin + Streptocycline @ 10 + 1 g per 10 kg seed-Raxil; Tebuconazole 2DS (2% w/w ) at 0.2 g a.i. kg⁻¹ seed.