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. 2022 May 24;13:2894. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30588-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a QUEEN enables the generation of a quine code from a gbk file. b A QUEEN-generated gbk file can be deposited to an existing DNA repository as a regular gbk file. c When DNA sequences are partially or fully inherited from previous QUEEN-generated gbk files to build a new DNA, the producing gbk file can contain all the production histories of the ancestral gbk files. d When a QUEEN script obtained from a previously established gbk file is modified to design the building process of a new DNA, such a history is also inherited by the produced gbk file. e A QUEEN-generated gbk file traces its previously utilized DNA materials and protocols, enabling the assessment of community impact of each DNA resource or developer.