Fig. 3. Association between fecal species-level genome bins (SGBs) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and clinical indicators of Parksoion-associated symptoms.

Association between gut microbiota and a mental state (represented by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale-17, and Mini-mental State Examination) and sleep quality (represented by PDSS) of patients, b patient’s disease progression (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-III), and c constipation-related symptoms (feces hardness and numbers of spontaneous defecation). Marker SGBs for PD were marked by a green star. “+” and “−” represent a positive and negative association, respectively.