Table 2.

Meta-Analysis for the outcome variable: Reduction in width

Test group		Control group		SMD	95% CI	Weight (%)				References
N1	Mean (SD)	N2	Mean (SD)			t-value	p-value	Fixed	Random
20	1.68 (1.28)	20	0.59 (1.59)	0.742	0.09 to 1.39			5.21	8.35	Yewale et al. [14]
32	1.1 (2.0)	32	0.50 (1.4)	0.343	− 0.15 to 0.84			8.66	8.49	Azangookhiavi et al. [14]
30	3.27 (0.2)	30	2.67 (0.4)	1.873	1.26 to 2.49			5.69	8.38	Dhamija et al. [16]
54	0.47 (0.36)	54	1.71 (1.49)	− 2.864	− 3.40 to − 2.32			7.20	8.45	Ahmed et al. [17]
45	2.8 (0.31)	45	1.12 (0.28)	5.639	4.71 to 6.57			2.43	7.99	De Angelis et al. [23]
23	1.47 (0.21)	23	2.75(0.22)	− 5.850	− 7.21 to − 4.48			1.18	7.35	Kollati et al. [18]
51	1.0 (0.14)	51	1.02 (0.21)	− 0.111	− 0.50 to 0.28			13.86	8.57	Mendoza-Azpur et al. [24]
40	1.8 (1.8)	40	1.50 (1.20)	0.194	− 0.25 to 0.64			10.88	8.53	Clark et al. [19]
28	1.05 (0.78)	28	2.08 (1.67)	− 0.779	− 1.39 to -0.23			7.16	8.45	Zhang et al. [25]
90	3 (0.8)	90	3.0 (0.83)	0.000	− 0.29 to 0.29			24.33	8.62	Kumar et al. [20]
								8.41	8.48
36	0.75 (0.51)	36	1.36 (0.53)	− 1.160	− 1.664 to − 0.66					Thakkar et al. [22]
								4.99	8.34
23	0.06 (0.28)	23	0.43 (0.21)	− 1.469	− 2.13 to − 0.81					Hauser et al. [21]
472		472		− 0.184	− 0.33 to − 0.04	− 2.509	0.012	100.00	100.00	Total (fixed effects)
472		472		− 0.253	− 1.17 to 0.66	− 0.543	0.587	100.00	100.00	Total (random effects)