Intra-articular injection of exosomes-incorporated F127-HA hydrogels reduce cartilage degeneration and enhance chondrogenesis in OA. A H&E staining of articular cartilage at 12 weeks after intra-articular injection. B Safranin O-fast green staining of articular cartilage at 12 weeks after intra-articular injection. C OARSI scores were statistically analyzed in each group. D Representative double immunofluorescence images of Runx1, Sox9, Aggrecan, and COL2a1 in cartilage at 12 weeks post-injection. E–H Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity Runx1, Sox9, Aggrecan, and COL2a1 in immunofluorescence staining (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001)