Table 1.
Chronic Disease, Mental Illness, and Substance Use Disorder Among US Adults who Have Used Methamphetamine in the Past Year, 2015–2019
| No past-year methamphetamine use (n = 212,602), Prevalence % (95% CI) | Past-year methamphetamine use (n = 1,903), Prevalence % (95% CI) | χ2 p value | aPR* | (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental illness (past-year) | |||||||
| Serious or moderate mental illness | 9.4 | (9.2, 9.6) | 42.6 | (39.5, 45.7) | <0.001‡ | 3.15 | (2.91, 3.41) ‡ |
| Chronic medical disease (lifetime) | |||||||
| Asthma | 9.4 | (9.2, 9.6) | 12.2 | (10.2, 14.6) | 0.004 | 1.29 | (1.08, 1.53) |
| Bronchitis/COPD | 4.3 | (4.1, 4.5) | 11.3 | (9.0, 14.0) | <0.001‡ | 2.61 | (2.09, 3.26)‡ |
| Cancer | 6.3 | (6.1, 6.5) | 4.8 | (3.3, 7.1) | 0.18 | 1.36 | (0.94, 1.96) |
| Cirrhosis | 0.3 | (0.3, 0.3) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.8) | <0.001‡ | 3.26 | (1.93, 5.49)‡ |
| Diabetes | 10.6 | (10.4, 10.9) | 7.0 | (5.5, 8.9) | <0.001‡ | 0.86 | (0.67, 1.10) |
| Heart condition | 10.5 | (10.3, 10.8) | 9.6 | (7.5, 12.3) | 0.49 | 1.15 | (0.89, 1.48) |
| Hepatitis B/C | 1.2 | (1.2, 1.3) | 11.3 | (9.1, 13.9) | <0.001‡ | 8.61 | (6.89, 10.76)‡ |
| High blood pressure | 19.6 | (19.3, 19.8) | 15.0 | (12.4, 18.0) | 0.01 | 1.14 | (0.94, 1.37) |
| HIV/AIDS | 0.2 | (0.2, 0.2) | 2.9 | (1.9, 4.4) | <0.001‡ | 9.22 | (5.91, 14.36)‡ |
| Kidney disease | 2.0 | (1.9, 2.1) | 2.3 | (1.2, 4.3) | 0.62 | 1.45 | (0.77, 2.72) |
| Medical multimorbidity† | 14.6 | (14.4, 14.9) | 19.6 | (17.2, 22.2) | <0.001‡ | 1.86 | (1.64, 2.10)‡ |
| Substance use disorder (SUD) (past-year) | |||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | 5.8 | (5.6, 5.9) | 25.0 | (22.2, 28.0) | <0.001‡ | 2.96 | (2.60, 3.36)‡ |
| Prescription opioid use disorder | 0.6 | (0.5, 0.6) | 13.0 | (10.9, 15.5) | <0.001‡ | 11.56 | (9.44, 14.16)‡ |
| Cannabis use disorder | 1.4 | (1.3, 1.5) | 12.6 | (10.4, 15.1) | <0.001‡ | 5.38 | (4.44, 6.53)‡ |
| Heroin use disorder | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.2) | 11.1 | (9.3, 13.2) | <0.001‡ | 28.21 | (21.46, 37.09)‡ |
| Cocaine use disorder | 0.3 | (0.3, 0.3) | 10.2 | (8.6, 12.0) | <0.001‡ | 17.45 | (13.66, 22.29)‡ |
| Tranquilizer/sedative use disorder§ | 0.2 | (0.2, 0.3) | 6.3 | (4.9, 8.1) | <0.001‡ | 14.49 | (10.88, 19.29)‡ |
| Prescription stimulant use disorder | 0.2 | (0.2, 0.2) | 5.0 | (3.7, 6.8) | <0.001‡ | 18.21 | (13.02, 25.48)‡ |
| Any substance use disorder (any drug or alcohol use disorder) | 7.4 | (7.2, 7.5) | 47.2 | (43.3, 51.2) | <0.001‡ | 4.17 | (3.80, 4.57)‡ |
| Co-occurring | |||||||
| Any SUD and mental illness | 2.0 | (1.9, 2.0) | 24.8 | (21.8, 28.1) | <0.001‡ | 7.30 | (6.23, 8.55)‡ |
| Medical multimorbidity and mental illness | 2.0 | (1.8, 2.0) | 11.2 | (9.3, 13.3) | <0.001‡ | 4.83 | (4.00, 5.85)‡ |
| Any SUD and medical multimorbidity | 0.7 | (0.6, 0.8) | 7.9 | (6.4, 9.8) | <0.001‡ | 9.07 | (7.16, 11.49)‡ |
| Any SUD, medical multimorbidity, and mental illness | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.3) | 5.6 | (4.3, 7.1) | <0.001‡ | 13.52 | (10.14, 18.01)‡ |
aPR adjusted prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SUD substance use disorder
*Adjusted for survey year, age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance, and income
† 2 or more of the above chronic diseases
‡ We utilized a Bonferroni correction statistical correction and consider these variables significant at a p < 0.002
§Includes benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon products, and barbiturates