TABLE 3.

Pyroptosis and cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease	Therapeutic targets	Biological functions	References
Atherosclerosis	NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/IL-1β	Reduced expression of VCAM-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, reducing atherosclerotic plaques	(116–118)
Diabetic cardiomyopathy	IL-1β/NLRP3/Caspase-1	LPS, miR-214-3p and IAPP trigger pyroptosis and induce diabetes	(121, 122, 126)
Acute myocardial infarction	NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-18	Increased NLRP3/IL-1β/caspase-1 expression and increased myocardial infarction size	(128, 132, 133)
Arrhythmia	Caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18	Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers arrhythmias	(139, 140)
Cardiac hypertrophy	NLRP3/IL-18/IL-1β/Caspase-1	Deletion of IL-1β, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, SiNPs, and irisin reduces cardiac hypertrophy	(141, 142, 144, 145)