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. 2022 May 11;10:863922. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.863922

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Copyright © 2022 Bohnert and Johnson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic models and summary of similarities and differences between TLs in immune cells, lysosome reformation, and autophagy. Blue hexagons in immune cells: antigens. Purple circles that dock and fuse with autophagic TLs: autophagosomes.