Table 1.
Summary of included studies of LUSs evaluating neonatal lung diseases.
| Study | LUS areas | LUS scan | LUS score | LUS equipment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brat et al. (3) | Three areas in each lung (upperanterior, loweranterior, and lateral) | Both transverse and longitudinal scans. Patterns were photographed during a longitudinal scan. | A 0- to 3-point score was given: 0, defined by the presence of the only A-lines; 1, defined as the presence of ≥3 well-spaced B-lines; 2, defined as the presence of crowded and coalescent B-Lines with or without consolidations limited to the subpleural space; and 3, extended consolidations | A linear probe (12-18MHz; GELogiqE9; GEHealthcare). |
| Perri et al. (9) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | 0, only A-lines; 1, A-lines in the upper part of the lung and coalescent B-lines in the lower part of the lung or at least 3 B-lines; 2, crowded and coalescent B lines with or without consolidations limited to sub-pleural space; 3, extended consolidation | A linear probe (12 MHz, a LOGIQ E9 General Electrics ultrasound machine). |
| Raimondi (10) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear or microlinear probe (10–15 MHz) |
| De Martino et al. (11) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | Microlinear hockey stick probe (15 MHz, CX50; Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, Netherlands). |
| Perri et al. (12) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Perri et al. (9) | As per Perri et al. (9) |
| Pang et al. (13) | Six areas in each lung (upper and lower areas of anterior, posterior, and lateral sections). | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (>7.5 MHz, Voluson S8, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) |
| Raschetti et al. (14) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A micro-linear, hockey stick probe (15 MHz, CX50; Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) |
| Rodriguez-Fanjul et al. (15) | Three areas in each lung (anterior, lateral and posterior) | Longitudinal scans | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (12 MHz, Sonosite Edge II) |
| Gregorio-Hernández et al. (16) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A: A-lines: normal lung aireation, normal pleural line (=1 point). B: B-lines: vertically oriented artifacts indicating interstitial syndrome, they erase A-lines (If ≥ 3=2 points). C: White lung: multiple and coalescent B-lines with thickened pleural line, severe interstitial syndrome, with or without small subpleural consolidations (3 points) | A high-frequency hockey-stick probe (15 MHz, Philips CX50 ultrasound scanner) |
| Vardar et al. (17) | As per Brat et al. (3) | Longitudinal and transverse scan | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (≥7.5MHz) |
| Alonso-Ojembarrena et al. (18) | As per Brat et al. (3) | Longitudinal scans | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (8–15 MHz, Sonoscape Medical Corp., Shenzhen, China) |
| Abdelmawala et al. (19) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A 0- to 3-point score was given: (1) 0, normal lung aeration; (2) 1, separated B lines;. (3) 2, Coalescent B lines and thick pleura; (4) 3, the same as (3) with subpleural air bronchogram | L14 linear transducer (Zonare Ultrasound-SP; Mountain view, CA). |
| Oulego-Erroz et al. (20) | Four zones in each lung (upper anterior, lower anterolateral, lower posterolateral, and lower posterior) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3). | A linear-array probe (L25x, Sonosite, Fujifilm Japan) |
| Loi B et al. (21). | As per Brat et al. Additionally, an extended score (5 per side) including the upper posterior and lower posterior areas | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A hockey stick micro-linear (15 MHz);a broadband linear (10 MHz) probe |
| Aldecoa-Bilbao et al. (22). | Three areas in each lung (mid-clavicular line, anterior axillary line, and posterior axillary line). | Longitudinal orientation | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (13-5MHz, Siemens Acuson X300) |
| Liu et al. (23). | 6-region (upper anterior, lower anterior, and lateral), 10-region (upper anterior, lower anterior, lateral, and upper posterior and lower posterior), and 12-region (upper anterior, lower anterior, upper lateral, lower lateral, upper posterior, and lower posterior). | Both transverse and longitudinal scans. | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (9.0 MHz, M7 Series, Mindray) |
| Alonso-Ojembarrena et al. (24) | As per Brat et al. Additionally, posterior field was also added. | Longitudinal scans | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (8–15 MHz Sonoscape Medical Corp., Shenzhen, China) |
| Szymański et al. (25) | Four areas: anterior (left), anterior (right), posterior (left) and posterior (right) | Transversal and longitudinal scans. | Five-grade scale, 0, Normal lung; 1, B lines; 2, “White lung”; 3, “White lung” and fluid alveologram; 4, “White lung” and consolidations | A linear probe (12–5 MHz, Phillips HD 11 scanner) |
| Eltomey et al. (26) | Six areas in each lung Each hemithorax (upper anterior, lower anterior, upper lateral, lower lateral, upper posterior, and lower posterior) | Transversal scans. | A 0- to 3-point score was given: 0, normal aeration; 1, ≥3 separated B-lines; 2, coalescent B-lines or curtain sign; 3, lung consolidation was present | A linear probe (6–12MHz, the Siemens Acuson X300 ultrasound machine, Germany) |
| El Amrousy et al. (27) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | As per Brat et al. (3) | A linear probe (12-MHz, SIEMENS ACUSON X300) |