FIGURE 2.

Structure and known binding partners of Vangl. Vangl is a four-pass transmembrane protein with intracellular N- and C-terminal tails. The N-terminus contains serine-rich regions that are phosphorylated upon Wnt stimulation. The large C-terminal tail contains several domains including a plasma membrane-targeting motif (YXXF), a Prickle binding domain (PkBD), a predicted coiled-coil region (CC), a VCP interacting motif (VIM), and a PDZ binding motif (PBM). Vangl has numerous known interacting partners, many of which have been mapped to its specific domains, or more generally to the N- or C-terminus. Binding interactions were assessed by pull down assays, yeast-two-hybrid screens, or ectopic or endogenous co-immunoprecipitations.