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. 2022 May 25;289(1975):20220391. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0391

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© 2022 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — The three-dimensional forest microhabitat space of old-growth and degraded forest in Białowieża Forest (a–c), and the deposition microhabitat space of frugivores (mixed dispersers, S. atricapilla, T. merula and T. philomelos) in old-growth (d–f) and degraded (g–i) forest, illustrated by two-dimensional representations of (a,d,g) canopy cover and ground vegetation, (b,e,h) canopy cover and the volume of deadwood and (c,f,i) ground vegetation and the volume of deadwood. Circles represent the transect segments of the forest (a–c) or the deposited seeds of the frugivores therein (d–i). The centroids (squares) indicate the centre of the forest (a–c) and the deposition microhabitat spaces (d–i) along each of the three microhabitat characteristics (canopy cover, ground vegetation and volume of deadwood). (Online version in colour.)