Figure 3.

Relationship between male bond strength (calculated as the sum of a male's top three DSI values) and (a) number of associated females (mode per male per year) and (b) number of sired offspring (count per male per year). Males with stronger bonds were found to have fewer associated females (GLMM: n = 91, p = 0.003) and to sire fewer offspring (GLMM: n = 91, p = 0.017). Points represent each subject in a given year (2014–2017). The solid line depicts the fitted model and the dashed lines the bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals with all other predictors being at their average (party and year manually dummy coded and centred and number of strong bonds z-transformed to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1). (Online version in colour.)