Figure 5.

Effect of the number of associated females per male on the proportion of time males spent affiliating with other males. Males with higher numbers of associated females spent lower proportions of time affiliating with other males (GLMM: n = 147, p < 0.001). Points represent each dyad in a given year (2014–2017). The solid line depicts the fitted model and the dashed lines depict the bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals with all other predictors being at their average (party and year manually dummy coded and centred). (Online version in colour.)