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. 2022 May 25;13(5):498. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04961-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Calu-3 cells were cultured for 48 h in absence or in the presence of raloxifene at different concentrations. A CellTiter-Glo was used to measure the antimetabolic effect of raloxifene. B–E Cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and cultured in the absence or in the presence of different doses of raloxifene. B Viral yield in cell supernatants was quantitated by qRT-PCR. C Viral titer in cell supernatants was evaluated by plaque assay and plotted as percentage of plaque reduction compared to SARS-CoV-2. D Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 genomes at the intracellular level by qRT-PCR. E Nucleocapsid (NP) protein expression in infected cells was analyzed by western blot (left panel). Densitometric analyses of western blot results are shown. Graph represents the percentage of NP protein expression. All the experiments were performed at least in three independent replicates and pictures shown are representative. Data are presented as the mean + standard error of the mean *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001.