TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Total N = 581 (100%) |
Men N = 265 (46%) |
Women N = 316 (54%) |
|
| Baseline | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| Median (range) | 53.1 (35.2–66.2) | 52.5 (35.3–66.2) | 53.5 (35.2–66.1) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | |||
| Untreated, controlled | 282 (49%) | 108 (41%) | 174 (55%) |
| Untreated, uncontrolled | 163 (28%) | 92 (35%) | 71 (22%) |
| Treated, controlled | 51 (9%) | 22 (8%) | 29 (9%) |
| Treated, uncontrolled | 85 (15%) | 43 (16%) | 42 (13%) |
| Diabetes, N (%) | |||
| No | 559 (96%) | 254 (96%) | 305 (97%) |
| Yes | 22 (4%) | 11 (4%) | 11 (3%) |
| CES-D, N (%) | |||
| <16 | 483 (83%) | 232 (88%) | 251 (79%) |
| ≥16 | 98 (17%) | 33 (12%) | 65 (21%) |
| Education, N (%) | |||
| Primary or general secondary school | 105 (18%) | 51 (19%) | 54 (17%) |
| Intermediate secondary school | 124 (21%) | 35 (13%) | 89 (28%) |
| High school | 103 (18%) | 46 (17%) | 57 (18%) |
| University graduates | 249 (43%) | 133 (50%) | 116 (37%) |
| Smoking status, N (%) | |||
| Never | 249 (43%) | 112 (42%) | 137 (43%) |
| Former | 216 (37%) | 100 (38%) | 116 (37%) |
| Current | 116 (20%) | 53 (20%) | 63 (20%) |
| Obesity, N (%) | |||
| No, BMI < 30 kg/m2 | 458 (79%) | 210 (79%) | 248 (78%) |
| Yes, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 123 (21%) | 55 (21%) | 68 (22%) |
| Brain volume (ml) | |||
| Arithm. mean | 1455 | 1550 | 1375 |
| Range | 1000–1906 | 1281–1906 | 1000–1758 |
| Relative brain volume (% of ICV) | |||
| Arithm. mean | 75.80 | 75.10 | 76.39 |
| Range | 61.63–84.75 | 61.63–84.38 | 65.59–84.75 |
| Abs. WMH (ml) | |||
| N | 579 | 264 | 315 |
| Geom. mean | 0.674 | 0.682 | 0.668 |
| Range | 0.011–26.406 | 0.029–22.442 | 0.011–26.406 |
| Rel. WMH (% of WM volume) | |||
| Geom. mean | 0.131 | 0.124 | 0.138 |
| Range | 0.003–4.701 | 0.006–4.013 | 0.003–4.701 |
| FA | |||
| N | 578 | 262 | 316 |
| Arithm. mean | 0.359 | 0.358 | 0.360 |
| Range | 0.275–0.417 | 0.275–0.417 | 0.292–0.409 |
| Word list (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.22 (0.92) | −0.48 (0.9) | 0 (0.87) |
| Pegboard (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.20 (0.94) | −0.44 (0.97) | 0 (0.87) |
| CWIT, interference time (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.09 (1) | −0.19 (0.99) | 0 (1) |
| TMT A (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.01 (1.02) | −0.02 (1.04) | 0 (1) |
| TMT B (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.04 (1.02) | −0.09 (1.04) | 0 (1) |
| Word fluency test (Z-score) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 0.01 (1) | 0.03 (1) | 0 (1) |
ICV, intracranial volume; WM, white matter; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; SD, standard deviation.