TABLE 2.

Associations (main effects) of risk factors with MRI markers.

	Rel. WMH1 (N = 579)	Abs. WMH1,2 (N = 579)	FA3 (N = 578)
	$\widehat{\mathrm{\beta }}$ (p-value)	$\widehat{\mathrm{\beta }}$ (p-value)	$\widehat{\mathrm{\beta }}$ (p-value)
Model 1
Constant	−4.79*** (<2e-16)	−3.051*** (3.19e-15)	0.406*** (<2e-16)
Sex (Ref: Male)
Female	0.151 (0.171)	0.025 (0.824)	0.003 (0.061)
Age (In years)	0.061*** (<2e-16)	0.061*** (<2e-16)	−0.001*** (<2e-16)
Model 2 4
Constant	−4.189*** (<2e-16)	−4.550*** (8.42e-10)	0.402*** (<2e-16)
Sex (Ref: Male)
Female	0.100 (0.321)	0.228 (0.063)	0.002 (0.154)
Age (In years)	0.050*** (1.53e-13)	0.048*** (3.06e-12)	−0.001*** (8.03e-16)
Smoking (Ref: Never)
Former	−0.004 (0.969)	−0.024 (0.830)	−0.002 (0.224)
Current	0.221 (0.099)	0.213 (0.118)	−0.005* (0.014)
Diabetes (Ref: No)
Yes	0.207 (0.431)	0.237 (0.374)	−0.004 (0.264)
Hypertension (Ref: Untreated, controlled)
Untreated, uncontrolled	−0.127 (0.293)	−0.134 (0.273)	−0.003 (0.057)
Treated, controlled	0.371* (0.049)	0.401* (0.037)	−0.006* (0.030)
Treated, uncontrolled	0.419** (7.71e-3)	0.434** (6.56e-3)	−0.008*** (3.86e-4)
Obesity (Ref: No)
Yes	0.204 (0.105)	0.195 (0.128)	0.0002 (0.900)

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

¹Results from generalized linear models with Gamma distribution and log-link function.

²Additionally adjusted for intracranial volume in Model 2.

³Results from ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis.

⁴Additionally adjusted for education.