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. 2022 May 11;14:810296. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.810296

TABLE 4.

Associations of risk factors with MRI markers. Results from sex-stratified analysis.

Rel. WMH1
Abs. WMH1,2
FA3
Men
(N = 264)
Women
(N = 315)
Men
(N = 264)
Women
(N = 315)
Men
(N = 262)
Women
(N = 316)






β^ (p-value) β^ (p-value) β^ (p-value) β^ (p-value) β^ (p-value) β^ (p-value)
Constant −3.658*** (1.77e-12) −4.622*** (<2e-16) −4.335*** (8.0e-06) −4.730*** (3.15e-07) 0.400*** (<2e-16) 0.405*** (<2e-16)
Age (in years) 0.050*** (4.90e-08) 0.053*** (4.71e-09) 0.048*** (1.2e-07) 0.051*** (2.52e-08) −0.001*** (7.7e-09) −0.001*** (2.4e-08)
Smoking (Ref: Never)
 Former −0.216 (0.163) 0.156 (0.266) −0.227 (0.143) 0.135 (0.343) −0.002 (0.543) −0.002 (0.312)
 Current −0.306 (0.104) 0.513** (0.004) −0.350 (0.062) 0.530** (0.003) −0.006 (0.058) −0.003 (0.211)
Diabetes (Ref: No)
 Yes −0.041 (0.909) 0.273 (0.437) −0.004 (0.992) 0.286 (0.420) −0.001 (0.904) −0.007 (0.147)
Hypertension (Ref: untreated, controlled)
 Untreated, uncontrolled −0.146 (0.359) −0.048 (0.770) −0.150 (0.344) −0.054 (0.744) −0.001 (0.583) −0.005* (0.035)
 Treated, controlled 0.145 (0.591) 0.538* (0.024) 0.179 (0.501) 0.568* (0.019) −0.003 (0.463) −0.009* (0.015)
 Treated, uncontrolled 0.162 (0.445) 0.576** (0.007) 0.191 (0.363) 0.580** (0.007) −0.004 (0.206) −0.011*** (4.03e-4)
Obesity (Ref: No)
 Yes 0.151 (0.394) 0.182 (0.258) 0.143 (0.416) 0.173 (0.289) 0.002 (0.516) −0.001 (0.766)

Results from sex-stratified analysis.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

1Results from generalized linear models with Gamma distribution and log-link function, additionally adjusted for education.

2Additionally adjusted for intracranial volume.

3Results from ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, additionally adjusted for education.