Table 4.

Longitudinal associations of physical growth from birth to term with brain size at term equivalent (n=62).

Z-score change	Mean (95% confidence interval) increase in brain size.
	Bifrontal diameter (mm)		Biparietal diameter (mm)		Transverse cerebellar diameter (mm)
	Estimate	p	Estimate	p	Estimate	p
Weight	2.1 (0.6, 3.7)	0.006	2.6 (0.9, 4.3)	0.003	1.3 (0.3, 2.2)	0.008
Length	1.1 (−0.6, 2.8)	0.20	1.7 (−0.01, 3.5)	0.05	0.3 (−0.6, 1.3)	0.50
BMI	1.4 (0.3, 2.5)	0.01	1.4 (0.03, 2.8)	0.04	1.0 (0.3, 1.7)	0.008
Head circumference	1.3 (0.2, 2.4)	0.03	0.8 (−0.7, 2.3)	0.31	1.2 (0.5, 1.9)	<0.001

Estimates represent the difference in brain metric associated with one Z-score difference in physical growth (change from birth to term equivalent age), adjusted using generalized estimating equations for gestational age at birth, sex, birthweight Z-score, and postmenstrual age at time of brain MRI, and accounting for non-independence of infants born to the same mother.