Table 4. Potential associated factors of GWW and GWE in SLE patients.

Variables	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	β-coefficient	P value		β-coefficient	P value
GWW
ESR	0.539	<0.001		0.189	<0.001
CRP	0.695	<0.001		0.230	<0.001
Anti-phospholipid antibodies	0.817	<0.001		0.444	<0.001
Anti-nuclear antibody	0.095	0.279
Anti-Smith antibodies	−0.004	0.966
HP	0.087	0.322
SLEDAI score	0.719	<0.001		0.180	<0.001
Duration	0.159	0.069		0.048	0.140
LAVI	0.313	<0.001		0.039	0.305
IVSd	0.172	0.048		0.035	0.290
PWTd	0.093	0.291
E/A	0.409	<0.001		0.074	0.049
E/e’	0.444	<0.001		−0.003	0.932
PSD	0.675	<0.001		0.111	0.009
GWE
ESR	−0.498	<0.001		−0.184	<0.001
CRP	−0.610	<0.001		−0.130	0.013
Anti-phospholipid antibodies	−0.796	<0.001		−0.468	<0.001
Anti-nuclear antibody	−0.091	0.298
Anti-Smith antibodies	−0.035	0.688
HP	−0.067	0.444
SLEDAI score	−0.689	<0.001		−0.191	0.001
Duration	−0.161	0.066		−0.059	0.167
LAVI	−0.293	0.001		−0.053	0.276
IVSd	−0.153	0.079		−0.021	0.635
PWTd	−0.111	0.205
E/A	−0.386	<0.001		−0.081	0.095
E/e’	−0.373	<0.001		0.081	0.110
PSD	−0.665	<0.001		−0.149	0.007

GWW, global wasted work; GWE, global work efficiency; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; HP, hypertension; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index; LAVI, left atrial volume index; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness in diastole; E/A, peak early diastolic velocity/peak late diastolic velocity; E/e’, peak early diastolic velocity (by pulsed-wave Doppler)/early diastolic peak velocity (by tissue Doppler); PSD, peak strain dispersion; PWTd, posterior wall thickness in diastole.