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. 2022 Jun;12(6):3454–3479. doi: 10.21037/qims-21-939

Figure 5.

Figure 5

The number of commonly used network structures in DL spine image analysis. Source: PubMed and Web of Science. CNN. U-Net is a typical convolutional neural network (42), it has a contracting path for image downsampling and an expansive path for image upsampling. FCN; LSTM network; GAN. Search time range: 1 January, 2015 to 20 March, 2021. DL, deep learning; CNN, convolutional neural network; FCN, fully convolutional network; LSTM, long short-term memory; GAN, generative adversarial network.