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. 2022 May 25;20:189. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02391-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Increased STAT5B expression and phosphorylation during syncytialization of human trophoblasts. A The putative STAT5B binding sites at the ADAM12 promoter revealed by in silico analysis. TSS, transcription start site. B–E Immunohistochemical staining showed that total STAT5B and phosphorylated STAT5B were mainly localized in the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) but not the cytotrophoblast (CTB) of human placental villi at both early and term pregnancies. Total STAT5B was localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, while phosphorylated STAT5B was localized mainly in the nucleus of syncytiotrophoblast. Non-immune serum served as negative control (NC). Scale bars, 20 μm. F Increased STAT5B mRNA (n = 6) and protein (n = 7) abundance during syncytialization of cultured human trophoblasts. (G) Increased STAT5B phosphorylation during syncytialization of cultured human trophoblasts (n = 4). Top panels of F and G are representative immunoblots. Data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs 3 hrs