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. 2022 May 25;41:182. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02401-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — TROY promotes HCC migration, invasion and metastasis via EMT. (A, B) Representative images of transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays (upper) and their summaries (lower) in 8024 or Hep3B cells transfected with vec or TROY isoforms (A), as well as in Huh7 cells transfected with shNTC or TROY shRNAs (B). Scale bar = 200 μm. (C, D) Representative images of lungs (C) derived from nude mice after tail vein injection of Huh7 cells transfected with shNTC or TROY shRNAs and 8024 cells transfected with vec or TROY isoforms and representative H&E staining images (D) of the corresponding lung sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. The number of metastatic nodules on the surface (indicated by black arrows) is summarized in the bar charts (n = 4). (E) Representative immunofluorescence images of E-cadherin and vimentin in HepG2 transduced with shNTC or TROY shRNAs. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) Western blotting of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin in HCC cells transfected with vec and isoforms, or shNTC and shRNAs. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Statistical significances: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001