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. 2021 Sep;154(3):483–490. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1414_19

Table IV.

Classification of congenital anomalies based upon developmental mechanism and clinical presentation (n=1578)

Developmental mechanism, n (%)
Malformation 1432 (90.7)
Deformation 63 (4.0)
Disruption 37 (2.3)
Dysplasia 46 (2.9)
Clinical presentation, n (%)
Isolated 1099 (69.6)
Sequence 98 (6.2)
Association 220 (13.9)
Syndrome 161 (10.2)