Table 1.

Susceptibility/Risk Biomarkers (GRADE Moderate/High)

Biomarker	Biomarker level			Study type	Interpretation	Critical evaluation				GRADE evidence profile	References
Biomarker	HS	OR	P value	Study type	Interpretation	External validation	Analytical validation	Clinical validation	Clinical utility	GRADE evidence profile	References
Smoking	Increased	14.87	.001	Case-control, regression modeling	Smoking is associated with a diagnosis of HS	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate	Akdogan et al,¹⁰ 2018
Smoking	Increased	1.90	.01	Case-control, regression modeling	Smoking is associated with a diagnosis of HS	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate	Garg et al,¹¹ 2018
FHX	Increased	NR	NR	Twin study/cross-sectional/heritability calculations	Narrow-sense heritability calculated at 77% (van Straalen et al,¹² 2020)	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate	van Straalen et al,¹² 2020; Schrader et al,¹³ 2014; Molina-Leyva and Cuenca-Barrales,¹⁴ 2019
Fasting serum insulin	Increased	1.09	.03	Case-control, regression modeling	Increased fasting serum insulin is associated with a diagnosis of HS	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate	Akdogan et al,¹⁰ 2018; Vilanova et al,¹⁵ 2018
Genetic sequence variants in gamma secretase complex, POFUT1, PTSPIP1, etc	Present	NR	NR	Linkage analysis	Association but no analysis of predictive power or potential	Yes	No	No	No	Moderate	Reviewed in Frew et al,¹⁶ 2017; Jfri et al,¹⁷2019

Abbreviations: GRADE, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations; HS, hidradenitis suppurativa; NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio.