Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) for narrative measures for the whole group and by grade level.
| Measure | Whole group (n = 95) | First grade (n = 53) | Third grade (n = 42) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish | |||
| NSS | 16.51 (2.82) | 15.71 (3.08) | 17.55 (2.05) |
| NDW | 89.54 (33.30) | 82.15 (30.56) | 99.10 (34.61) |
| D-index | 16.37 (6.10) | 14.66 (5.43) | 18.55 (6.28) |
| MLU | 6.80 (1.31) | 6.33 (1.15) | 7.40 (1.26) |
| SI | 0.95 (0.39) | 0.89 (0.35) | 1.03 (0.42) |
| English | |||
| NSS | 16.93 (2.70) | 16.02 (2.83) | 18.08 (2.02) |
| NDW | 82.27 (29.17) | 74.19 (23.18) | 92.51 (32.87) |
| D-index | 16.97 (8.27) | 14.80 (7.03) | 19.73 (8.98) |
| MLU | 6.66 (1.16) | 6.21 (1.15) | 7.24 (0.89) |
| SI | 0.97 (0.24) | 0.88 (0.21) | 1.08 (0.23) |
Note. NSS = Narrative Scoring Scheme; NDWs = number of different words; D-index = lexical diversity; MLU = mean length of utterance— ratio of word tokens over utterances; SI = subordination index—number of clauses divided by total number of utterances.