Table 1. Details on 43 Chemicals Identified in Human Samples.
| Identity | Common use | Strategy | Confidence levela | Serum: Detection (%)/Conc. range (ng/mL) | Placenta: Detection (%)/Conc. range (ng/g) | Sludge: Detection (%)/Conc. range (ng/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate | Flame retardant | Nontarget | Level 1 | 100/(0.2–15) | 22/(n.d. – 1.4) | 100/(3.6–13) |
| 1,7-Dimethylxanthine | Food component | Suspect | Level 2 | 50/(n.d. – 0.05) | 0 (−) | 50/(n.d. – 2.2) |
| Theobromine | Food component | Target | Level 1 | 100/(0.01–25) | 78/(n.d. – 542) | 17/(n.d. – 2.6) |
| Theophylline | Food component | Target | Level 1 | 90/(n.d. – 3.8) | 89/(n.d. – 540) | 33/(n.d. – 2.2) |
| Lenticin | Food component | Suspect | Level 2 | 100/(3.7–13) | 78/(n.d. - 211) | 83/(n.d.- 13) |
| Caffeine | Food component | Target | Level 1 | 100/(0.6–45) | 78/(n.d. – 840) | 100/(0.9–4.8) |
| Endothall | Herbicide | Target | Level 1 | 50/(n.d. – 0.3) | 0 (−) | 83/(n.d. – 16) |
| Denatonium | Industrial | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 44/(n.d. – 44) | 67/(n.d. – 2.3) |
| Benzotriazole | Industrial | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 44/(n.d. – 3.2) | 100/(0.4–0.6) |
| Dibenzylamine | Industrial | Suspect | Level 2 | 0 (−) | 44/(n.d. – 99) | 50/(n.d. – 24) |
| Tributyl phosphate | Industrial | Suspect | Level 2 | 100/(0.2–1.2) | 11/(n.d. – 0.4) | 100/(0.6–10) |
| Triphenyl phosphine oxide | Industrial | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 70/(n.d. – 8.3) | 100/(0.3–0.5) |
| Triphenyl phosphate | Industrial | Suspect | Level 1 | 100/(0.6–1.6) | 0 (−) | 10/(n.d. – 0.01) |
| 2-hydroxybenzothiazole | Industrial | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 78/(n.d. – 34) | 100/(0.2–1.2) |
| 2-benzothiazolesulfonic acid | Industrial | Nontarget | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 78/(n.d. – 2.3) | 84/(n.d. – 0.02) |
| DEET | PCP/Pesticide | Target | Level 1 | 40/(n.d. – 0.4) | 0 (−) | 100/(0.9–13) |
| N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide | PCP | Suspect | Level 2 | 90/(n.d. – 0.8) | 44/(n.d. – 0.2) | 100/(0.1–1.2) |
| Panthenol | PCP | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 44/(n.d. – 21) | 17/(n.d. – 1.4) |
| Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)amine | PCP | Suspect | Level 2 | 60/(n.d. – 27) | 22/(n.d. – 48) | 100/(>1000) |
| N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Tetradecanamide | PCP | Suspect | Level 2 | 0 (−) | 100/(0.03–1.5) | 100/(0.6–14) |
| Lauryl diethanolamine | PCP | Suspect | Level 1 | 90/(n.d. – 5.2) | 67/(n.d. – 3.2) | 100/(0.4–0.5) |
| Benzododecinium | PCP | Target | Level 1 | 60/(n.d. – 86) | 67/(n.d. – 118) | 100/(326–664) |
| PFOS | PFAS | Suspect | Level 1 | 100/(0.08–0.3) | 55/(n.d. – 34) | 100/(4.1–10) |
| PFHpS | PFAS | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 33/(n.d. – 2.9) | 0 (−) |
| PFBS | PFAS | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 11/(n.d. – 0.8) | 0 (−) |
| 6:2 FTS | PFAS | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 11/(n.d. – 1.4) | 50/(n.d. – 0.2) |
| PFHxS | PFAS | Suspect | Level 1 | 20/(n.d. – 0.02) | 0 (−) | 0 (−) |
| Bupivacaine | PhAC | Suspect | Level 2 | 0 (−) | 100/(0.8–126) | 0 (−) |
| Ciprofloxacin | PhAC | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 11/(n.d. – 7.3) | 0 (−) |
| Amoxicillin | PhAC | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 11/(n.d. – 6.6) | 0 (−) |
| Indole-3-acetic acid | Plant hormone | Suspect | Level 1 | 100/(2.8–8.9) | 78/(n.d. – 1.4) | 100/(0.5–2.6) |
| Dibutyl phthalate | Plastic additive | Target | Level 2 | 80/(n.d. – 9.6) | 100/(11.1–23) | 100/(27–63) |
| Monobuthyl phthalate | Plastic additive | Suspect | Level 2 | 30/(n.d. – 2.5) | 89/(n.d. – 10) | 100/(9.2–15) |
| 4-Ethoxyethylbenzoate | Plastic additive | Suspect | Level 2 | 100/(11–69) | 100/(51.5–186) | 100/(70.3–96) |
| 1,3-Diphenylguanidine | Plastic additive | Suspect | Level 2 | 70/(n.d. – 28) | 0 (−) | 100/(16–79) |
| Nicotine | Stimulant | Suspect | Level 1 | 0 (−) | 67/(n.d. – 15) | 100/(2.4–70) |
| Cotinine | Stimulant TP | Target | Level 1 | 20/(n.d. – 56) | 33/(n.d. – 7.5) | 67/(n.d. – 587) |
| Acesulfame | Sweetener | Target | Level 1 | 20/(n.d. – 0.5) | 11/(n.d. – 8.1) | 0 (−) |
| Methylsulfonyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylamine | Unknown | Nontarget | Level 3 | 0/(−) | 22/(n.d. – 6.2) | 0 (−) |
| 1-Benzothiophene-2-Sulfonamide | Unknown | Nontarget | Level 3 | 0 (−) | 89/(n.d. – 19) | 17/(n.d. – 0.1) |
| Benzophenone | UV filter | Suspect | Level 1 | 10/(n.d. – 0.07) | 78/(n.d. – 3.4) | 100/(0.2–7.7) |
a
According to Schymanski et al.41. PCP, personal care products; PhAC, pharmaceutical active compounds; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; n.d., not detected.