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. 2022 May 23;11(1):1371–1389. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071175

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — The mapping of antiviral drug targets focusing on SARS-CoV-2 antagonism of host innate immune signaling pathways. On the one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the host innate immune signaling pathways, thereby promoting the expression of type I/III interferons and downstream ISGs. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 can suppress the expression of interferons and downstream ISGs by targeting and inhibiting PRRs, signaling proteins, transcription factors, and interferon-activated JAK/STAT signal transduction. Theoretically, the viral antagonism of host innate immune signaling pathways could be used as potential antiviral drug targets. The red lines indicate that SARS-CoV-2 proteins target various steps of host innate immune signaling pathways.