Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses showing factors associated with perceived risk of new vaccines construct (n = 1832)
| Variable | n (%) | Hesitant n (%) |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p–value | OR (95% CI) | p–value | ||||
| Country | |||||||
| India (R) | 365 (19.9) | 290 (79.5) | 1 | ||||
| Brazil | 125 (6.8) | 62 (49.6) | 0.26 (0.17–0.39) | <0.001* | |||
| Chile | 115 (6.3) | 44 (38.3) | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) | <0.001** | |||
| Egypt | 114 (6.2) | 104 (91.2) | 2.69 (1.34–5.40) | 0.005* | |||
| Bangladesh | 160 (8.7) | 128 (80.0) | 1.03 (0.65–1.64) | 0.886 | |||
| Iran | 152 (8.3) | 118 (77.6) | 0.90 (0.57–1.42) | 0.644 | |||
| Nigeria | 179 (9.8) | 148 (82.7) | 1.24 (0.78–1.96) | 0.372 | |||
| Pakistan | 270 (14.7) | 245 (90.7) | 2.53 (1.56–4.11) | <0.001** | |||
| Sudan | 204 (11.1) | 154 (75.5) | 0.80 (0.53–1.20) | 0.274 | |||
| Tunisia | 148 (8.1) | 129 (87.2) | 1.76 (1.02–3.03) | 0.043* | |||
| Age group (year) | |||||||
| ≤ 20 (R) | 313 (17.1) | 248 (79.2) | 1 | 1 | |||
| 21–30 | 1029 (56.2) | 799 (77.6) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 0.553 | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) | 0.725 | |
| 31–40 | 298 (16.3) | 232 (77.9) | 0.92 (0.63–1.36) | 0.678 | 1.06 (0.65–1.71) | 0.821 | |
| 41–50 | 129 (7.0) | 102 (79.1) | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.969 | 1.16 (0.63–2.11) | 0.641 | |
| >51 | 63 (3.4) | 41 (65.1) | 0.49 (0.27–0.88) | 0.016* | 0.63 (0.32–1.26) | 0.195 | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male (R) | 763 (41.6) | 570 (74.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1069 (58.4) | 852 (79.7) | 1.33 (1.07–1.66) | 0.012* | 1.25 (0.99–1.58) | 0.066 | |
| Urbanicity | |||||||
| Rural (R) | 346 (18.9) | 290 (83.8) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Urban | 1486 (81.1) | 1132 (76.2) | 0.62 (0.45–0.84) | 0.002* | 0.70 (0.51–0.97) | 0.029* | |
| Monthly household income (USD) | |||||||
| <$500 (R) | 697 (38.0) | 564 (80.9) | 1 | 1 | |||
| $500-$999 | 324 (17.7) | 254 (78.4) | 0.86 (0.62–1.18) | 0.347 | 0.98 (0.70–1.39) | 0.924 | |
| $1,000-$1,999 | 214 (11.7) | 162 (75.7) | 0.74 (0.51–1.06) | 0.098 | 1.03 (0.69–1.52) | 0.900 | |
| $2,000-$2,999 | 163 (8.9) | 117 (71.8) | 0.60 (0.41–0.89) | 0.010* | 0.85 (0.56–1.29) | 0.440 | |
| $3,000-$4,999 | 140 (7.6) | 101 (72.1) | 0.61 (0.40–0.93) | 0.020* | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 0.579 | |
| $5,000-$7,999 | 107 (5.8) | 84 (78.5) | 0.86 (0.52–1.42) | 0.557 | 1.09 (0.64–1.85) | 0.751 | |
| ≥$8,000 | 187 (10.2) | 140 (74.9) | 0.70 (0.48–1.03) | 0.069 | 0.94 (0.62–1.44) | 0.784 | |
| Religion | |||||||
| Islam (R) | 1016 (55.5) | 855 (84.2) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Christian/Protestant/Methodist/Lutheran/Baptist | 200 (10.9) | 153 (76.5) | 0.61 (0.42–0.89) | 0.009* | 0.63 (0.43–0.92) | 0.017* | |
| Catholic | 139 (7.6) | 88 (63.3) | 0.33 (0.22–0.48) | <0.001** | 0.39 (0.26–0.59) | <0.001** | |
| Hindu | 268 (14.6) | 209 (78.0) | 0.67 (0.48–0.93) | 0.018* | 0.69 (0.48–1.00) | 0.051 | |
| Atheist or agnostic | 95 (5.2) | 45 (47.4) | 0.17 (0.11–0.26) | <0.001** | 0.19 (0.12–0.30) | <0.001** | |
| Others | 114 (6.2) | 72 (63.2) | 0.32 (0.21–0.49) | <0.001** | 0.35 (0.23–0.54) | <0.001** | |
| Healthcare related job | |||||||
| Yes (R) | 853 (46.6) | 668 (78.3) | 1 | ||||
| No | 979 (53.4) | 754 (77.0) | 0.93 (0.74–1.16) | 0.507 | |||
| Occupation | |||||||
| Employed for wages (R) | 459 (25.1) | 343 (74.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Self-employed | 177 (9.7) | 142 (80.2) | 1.37 (0.90–2.10) | 0.145 | 1.30 (0.83–2.03) | 0.248 | |
| Out of work for 1 year or more | 42 (2.3) | 35 (83.3) | 1.69 (0.73–3.91) | 0.219 | 1.62 (0.67–3.90) | 0.281 | |
| Out of work for less than 1 year | 38 (2.1) | 30 (78.9) | 1.27 (0.57–2.85) | 0.564 | 1.21 (0.52–2.80) | 0.661 | |
| Homemaker | 35 (1.9) | 28 (80.0) | 1.35 (0.58–3.18) | 0.488 | 1.41 (0.57–3.52) | 0.459 | |
| Student | 1057 (57.7) | 825 (78.1) | 1.20 (0.93–1.55) | 0.158 | 1.00 (0.71–1.40) | 0.986 | |
| Retired or unable to work | 24 (1.3) | 19 (79.2) | 1.29 (0.47–3.52) | 0.625 | 1.15 (0.40–3.26) | 0.797 | |
| Received a flu vaccination during the past 12 months | |||||||
| Yes (R) | 380 (20.7) | 268 (70.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1452 (79.3) | 1154 (79.5) | 1.62 (1.26–2.09) | <0.001** | 1.35 (1.03–1.79) | 0.032* | |
*Significant at p < 0.05
**Significant at p < 0.001
R: reference group