Table 4.

Adjusted models for the association between barriers to physical activity and physical activity

Transport-related physical activity ┼	Physical activity level (Negative binomial model)		Odds of being physically inactive (Logit model)
Barriers to physical activity	eβ (e.95% CI)	p-value	eβ (e.95% CI)	p-value
Lack of footpaths, cycle lanes, or parks	0.79 (0.66—0.94)	0.007
Cost	1.33 (1.04—1.69)	0.021
Safety concerns (e.g., street lighting, traffic)	1.23 (1.01—1.51)	0.044
Pollution – Haze			0.55 (0.41—0.73)	< 0.001
Leisure-related physical activity ╪	Physical activity level (Negative binomial model)		Odds of being physically inactive (Logit model)
Barriers to physical activity	eβ (e.95% CI)	p-value	eβ (e.95% CI)	p-value
The weather (e.g., wet and hot)	0.85 (0.75—0.98)	0.022	0.69 (0.53—0.91)	0.009
Lack of time	0.73 (0.62—0.86)	< 0.001
Age	0.82 (0.67—0.99)	0.042	1.43 (1.02—2.01)	0.037
Safety concerns (e.g., street lighting, traffic)	1.29 (1.08—1.54)	0.004
Cost			1.58 (1.13—2.22)	0.008
Feeling tired			1.85(1.40—2.46)	< 0.001

^┼Adjusted for age, ethnicity, sex, personal income, chronic conditions, sedentary behaviour.

^╪Adjusted for age, ethnicity, sex, personal income, chronic conditions, sedentary behaviour, safety concerns, limited accessibility and lack of footpaths, cycles lanes or parks