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. 2022 May 25;12:8857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12785-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of heat shock during in vitro growth (IVG) culture on the viability (a), antrum formation (b) of oocyte–cumulus–granulosa complexes (OCGCs), and the growth and nuclear status of oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) (c). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of OCGCs and replicates. (a) The viability of OCGCs was calculated based on 689 OCGCs that were cultured until the end of IVG culture (12 days) (345 from the control group and 344 from the heat shock group). (b) The percentage of antrum formation in the granulosa cell layer was calculated based on 406 OCGCs surviving on day 12 (208 from the control group and 198 from the heat shock group). ^abcDifferent letters indicate a significant difference between the duration of culture in the same group (P < 0.05). (c) Lines on the boxes in the box-and-whisker plot delineate the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, while the whiskers depict the 10th and 90th percentiles. Values below boxes in the box-and-whisker plot indicate the mean diameters (µm) of the oocytes. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of oocytes submitted for IVM. ^a–cDifferent letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01).