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. 2022 May 25;12:8864. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12957-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental procedure. (A) Cholangiography showing no stenosis in a normal pig biliary tract. (B) Stricture model created in the mid-common bile duct using radiofrequency ablation (RFA). (C) At 4 weeks after RFA, the stricture was apparent, and the biliary tract was dilated proximal to the stricture. (D) The steroid-eluting stent was inserted endoscopically into the stricture. (E) The presence of stent migration was assessed by performing abdominal X-rays at 1-week intervals. (F) Cholangiography following stent removal at 4 weeks after initial insertion showing resolution of the stenosis. Red arrowheads indicate RFA lesions and red arrows show the stricture area.