Table 4.

Summary of results on the effect of bacterial nonviral STI diagnosis on risk of HIV Acquisition among male high-risk heterosexuals (k=7)

	Syphilis1		Gonorrhea2	Chlamydia3
Pooled RR (95% CI)	1.77 (1.22, 2.58)4		2.80 (1.50–5.20)	0.80 (0.30–1.90)
I2, p value	8.5%, 0.358		NA	NA
SA RR Range	1.51–2.53
k	5		1	1
By Multivariate Adjustment	Unadjusted RR	Adjusted RR	Single data point is multivariate adjusted	Single data point is unadjusted
Pooled RR (95% CI)	1.92 (1.02, 3.62)	2.10 (0.92, 4.80)
I2, p value	51.1%, 0.129	0.0%, 1.000
k	3	2
By Risk of Bias in Temporality	Higher Risk	Lower Risk	Single data point is lower-risk	Single data point is higher-risk
Pooled RR (95% CI)	1.71 (1.15, 2.54)	3.40 (0.82, 14.12)
I2, p value	I=12.4%, p=0.331	NA
k	4	1

K = Number of effect size estimates included; NA = Not applicable; RR = Risk ratio; SA = Sensitivity analysis; SA RR range = range when one study removed from analysis

¹Populations reflected: Men in high-risk occupations (trucking company workers, farm workers): k=2, pooled RR 2.53 (1.35–4.76); STI clinic attendees: k = 1; men with serodiscordant partner: k=1; mixed risk groups: k=1.

²Mixed risk groups

³Men in high-risk occupations (trucking company workers)

⁴RR when each study removed from analysis: Hanson 2005: 1.85 (1.14–3.01), Heffron 2011: 1.86 (1.15–2.99), Rakwar 1999: 1.51 (1.03–2.22), Telzak 1993: 1.71 (1.15–2.54), Wall 2017: 2.53 (1.52–4.21).