Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
y, years; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; ICU, intensive care unit; C, Celsius.
| Variable | Control (n=28) | Warming (n=28) |
|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 16 (57) | 11 (39) |
| Age, y (SD) | 58.7 (16.8) | 58.7 (13.3) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 33.6 (11.0) | 29.5 (9.1) |
| Body surface area (m2), mean (SD) | 2.07 (0.36) | 1.97 (0.30) |
| ICU, n (%) | ||
| Medical | 21 (75) | 18 (64) |
| Surgical | 7 (25) | 10 (36) |
| Surgery within 1 week, n (%) | 6 (21) | 4 (14) |
| Source, n (%) | ||
| Pneumonia | 15 (54) | 19 (68) |
| Abdominal | 4 (14) | 3 (11) |
| Soft Tissue/Bone | 3 (11) | 1 (4) |
| Urinary | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
| Other or unknown | 4 (14) | 4 (14) |
| Positive Culture, n (%) | 13 (46) | 20 (71) |
| Culture results susceptible to initial antibiotics | 11 (85) | 20 (100) |
| Organism, n (%) | ||
| Gram negative | 7 (54) | 10 (50) |
| Gram positive | 2 (15) | 5 (25) |
| Mixed | 1 (8) | 1 (5) |
| Viral | 3 (23) | 4 (20) |
| Lactate, mean (SD) | 4.8 (3.1) | 3.5 (2.7) |
| Leukocyte count, mean (SD) | 17.3 (18.1) | 13.6 (7.7) |
| APACHE-II, mean (SD) | 22.1 (5.2) | 20.1 (6.5) |
| SOFA, mean (SD) | 8.8 (3.9) | 8.0 (3.9) |
| Oxygenation score, mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.2) |
| Calculated temperature 1.5 degrees C above baseline, mean (SD) | 37.9 (0.6) | 38.0 (0.5) |
| Time from antibiotics to randomization, mean (SD) | 29.7 (16.2) | 28.6 (15.6) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 7 (25) | 6 (21) |
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (18) | 4 (14) |
| Stroke | 2 (7) | 2 (7) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (29) | 8 (29) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (36) | 8 (29) |
| Solid tumor | 4 (14) | 3 (11) |
| Liver disease | 9 (32) | 5 (18) |
| End-stage renal disease | 2 (7) | 2 (7) |