Table 3.

Material properties of components.

Components	E (MPa)	εy	fy (MPa)	ε1	E' (MPa)	ε2	fu (MPa)
Tube	2.05 × 105	0.00198	407	0.01355	2.30 × 103	0.1684	513
Rib	2.10 × 105	0.00194	406	0.01599	2.90 × 103	0.1702	513
Flange plate	2.08 × 105	0.00166	344	0.01718	3.74 × 103	0.1807	532
Bolt	2.05 × 105	0.00117	240	0.00117	3.74 × 104	0.0600	460