Table 1.
Inventory of institutional support, estimates, demographic variables, injury coding, access/format and data source for non-fatal injury data systems, USA—2018*
| Institutional support | CPSC | CDC NCIPC/CPSC | CDC NCHS | AHRQ (HCUP) | ACS | NHTSA | IBM | CMS | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Data system | NEISS | NEISS-AIP | NHIS | NHAMCS | NAMCS | SID | SEDD | SASD | KID* | NEDS | NIS | NRD | NASS | NTDB | NEMSIS | MarketScan† | MedPAR | OASIS |
| Incidence estimates‡ (n) | ||||||||||||||||||
| National (12) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X§ | X | ||||||
| Regional (2) | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
| State (4) | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
| Demographic variables (n) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sex (18) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Age (18) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Race¶(14) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Ethnicity¶ (11) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
| Urban/rural (11) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
| Income (9) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Injury coding (n) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Discharge status (18) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Diagnosis codes (15) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| External cause codes (14) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| Predefined injury variables (8) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| Access/format (n) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted access files (16) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| Fee (15) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Data use agreement required (18) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Free online query tool (10) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| Data source (n) | ||||||||||||||||||
| ED visits (5) | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
| Hospitalisations (5) | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
| Medical claims (3) | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
| Ambulatory surgeries (2) | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
| Office-based physician visits** (1) | X | |||||||||||||||||
| Hospital readmissions (1) | X | |||||||||||||||||
| Household interviews (1) | X | |||||||||||||||||
| EMS activations (1) | X | |||||||||||||||||
| Trauma admissions (1) | X | |||||||||||||||||
Note: Availability of characteristics and definitions of characteristics may vary by data system, by state and over time. Additionally, data for all states are not necessarily captured in data systems that can be used to produce state estimates. Variable availability does not imply completeness. The documentation for 2018 was consulted to construct this table, unless otherwise noted. Characteristics for previous or later years may vary.
The institutional support organisations are as follows: ACS, American College of Surgeons; AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CPSC, Consumer Product Safety Commission; CMS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; HCUP, Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project; IBM, International Business Machines; NCIPC, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Data systems are as follows: KID, Kids' Inpatient Database; MarketScan†; MedPAR, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review Limited Data Sets; NAMCS, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; NASS, National Ambulatory Surgery Sample; NEDS, National Emergency Department Sample; NEISS, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System; NEISS-AIP, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program; NEMSIS, National Emergency Medical Services Information System; NHIS, National Health Interview Survey; NHAMCS, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; NIS, National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample; NRD, Nationwide Readmissions Database; NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; OASIS, Outcome and Assessment Information Set; SASD, State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases; SID, State Inpatient Databases; and SEDD, State Emergency Department Databases.
2016 documentation was used to compile characteristics for KID since this was the most recent data available at the time of the study.
Refers to the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database.
Coding for the ability to produce estimates at the national, regional or state level was based on data system documentation. It should be noted that some data systems never had the intent to produce estimates at those levels. Further, some estimates (in particular regional or state estimates) may be unreliable due to small numbers, especially if stratified into smaller study populations.
National estimates are possible through an extension of NTDB called the National Sample Program.
Exhibits a high degree of missing or unreliability across most data systems.
Includes office-based physician visits and community health centre physician visits.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services.