Table 3.
Mixed model ANCOVA outcomes for serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites. (Mean values and 95 % confidence intervals)
| Outcome variable | Covariate | Estimate | 95 % CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||
| FR score | TMAO | 0·037 | –0·009, 0·084 | 0·110 | |
| Choline | 0·028 | –0·021, 0·077 | 0·254 | ||
| Carnitine | 0·082 * | –0·023, 0·041 | 0·024 * | ||
| Betaine | 0·064 | –0·014, 0·141 | 0·107 | ||
| FR vascular age | TMAO | 0·051 | –0·024, 0·128 | 0·185 | |
| Choline | 0·068* | –0·001, 0·137 | 0·051 * | ||
| Carnitine | 0·141* | 0·045, 0·237 | 0·004 * | ||
| Betaine | 0·125* | 0·025, 0·224 | 0·014 * | ||
| HOMA-B | TMAO | 0·069 | –0·114, 0·252 | 0·451 | |
| Choline | –0·073 | –0·283, 0·137 | 0·492 | ||
| Carnitine | 0·084 | –0·084, 0·252 | 0·325 | ||
| Betaine | –0·066 | –0·255, 0·124 | 0·494 | ||
| HOMA-IR | TMAO | 0·100* | 0·007, 0·194 | 0·036 * | |
| Choline | –0·111* | –0·208, –0·012 | 0·027 * | ||
| Carnitine | 0·011 | –0·128, 0·150 | 0·877 | ||
| Betaine | –0·142 * | –0·287, 0·002 | 0·053 | ||
FR, Framingham risk; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; HOMA-B, homoeostatic model assessment of pancreatic beta cell function; HOMA-IR, homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
* indicates significant covariates.