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. 2022 May 26;38(2):369–380. doi: 10.1007/s11896-022-09518-6

Table 3.

Models linking the elements to the selection of emotions for non-Muslim respondents. Only selections with coefficients of 7 or higher are shown

Self-Defined as non-Muslim E1 ACHIEVE E2 BELONG E3 EMPOWER E4 ENGAGE E5 ESTEEM E6 IDENTIFY E7 MASTER E8 NURTURE E9 SECURE
C5 Muslim friends are conservative 9
C4 Strong preference for Muslim friends 9
C2 Has friends in both the gay community.. and from many religious backgrounds 8
F1 Keeps distance from religious people 7
A4 Women should wear a hijab …never jeans or revealing clothing outside their home 10
F5 A conservative follower of Islam … follows all 5 pillars of Islam..visits Mosque regularly 8
B3 Worries about anti-Islamic policies 8
D5 Islamic law has higher precedence … should replace the legal system in use today 8
A3 Women should wear a hijab …& clothing which fully covers them 8
C1 No friends 8
F3 Prays when convenient … visits Mosque only on important days of the Islamic year 7
E5 Homosexuals and adulterous women … should be stoned 13
E6 Apostates.. threats to Islam and caliphate …must be slain 13
A5 Women must wear a hijab at all times.. no make-up.. stay away from westerners … beaten if they disagree 11
A6 ‘Women who don't wear a hijab or burqa … or wear revealing clothing… nothing more than sex slaves’ 8
B2 Accepts….. people doing violent acts towards others 8
E3 Polygamy is permitted … Muhammad had multiple wives 7