Table 1.

Roles of exosomal ncRNAs in the TME of CRC.

Exosomal ncRNAs	Source cell	Expression	Molecular axis	Functions	Ref.
miR-10b	CRC cells	Up	miR-10b/PI3K/Akt/mTOR	Promote CRC growth	(46)
miR-16-5p	BMSCs	Up	miR-16-5p/ ITGA2	Reduce CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion	(47)
miR-221/222	CRC cells	Up	miR-221or222/ SPINT1/ HGF	Promote CRC cell invasiveness	(48)
miR-22-3p	BMSCs	Up	miR-22-3p/RAP2B/PI3K/ AKT	Inhibit CRC cell proliferation and invasion	(49)
miR-106b-3p	CRC cells	Up	miR-106b-3p/ DLC-1	Promote CRC cell invasiveness and metastasis	(50)
miR-17-5p	CAFs	Up	miR-17-5p /RUNX3 / MYC	Promote CRC cell aggressive phenotype	(51)
lncRNA MALAT1	CRC cells	Up	Lnc MALAT1/PI3K/Akt / mTOR/miR-26a/26b	Promote the CRC cell invasion and metastasis	(52)
LINC00659	CAFs	Up	LINC00659/miR-342-3p/ ANXA2	Promote CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration	(53)
lncRNA UCA1	CAFs	Up	lncRNA UCA1/ceRNA	Promote CRC migration	(54)
lncRNA NNT-AS1	CRC cells	Up	lncRNA NNT-AS1/miR-496/RAP2C	Promote CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	(55)
circ-ABCC1	CRC cells	Up	circ-ABCC1/Wnt/β-catenin	Promote cell stemness, sphere formation, and metastasis	(56)
circ_PTPRA	CRC cells	Down	circ_PTPRA/miR-671-5p-SMAD4	Inhibit CRC tumor growth	(57)
circCOG2	CRC cells	Up	circCOG2/miR-1305/TGF-β2/SMAD3	Promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion	(58)
circEPB41L2	CRC cells	Up	circEPB41L/miR-21-5p or miR-942-5p/PTEN/AKT	Inhibit CRC cell proliferation and migration	(59)