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. 2022 May 12;16:874310. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.874310

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Copyright © 2022 Ferreira-Fernandes and Peça.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Additional circuits to interrogate in future dominance studies. (A) Circuit of the NAc. Top. Macroscale circuit. The NAc receives monosynaptic projections (arrows) from PrL, ACC, and ventral hippocampus, projecting back to these regions through indirect connections (dashed arrows). Bottom. Canonical microcircuit in the NAc. Medium spiny neurons in NAc are the major targets of L5 pyramidal neurons from PrL and ACC, pointing to striatal circuits as a logical downstream target to expand current ACC and PrL hypotheses for social dominance. (B) Circuit in vCA1. Top. Macroscale circuit. Hippocampus anatomy highlighting the location of CA2 and vCA1. Bottom. Canonical microcircuit in ventral CA1, pyramidal neurons in vCA1 receive inputs from CA2, CA3 and EC, and project to the PFC and NAc. This microcircuit suggests an interplay between dominance mechanisms and the circuits regulating social memory. (C) Macroscale circuit in the amygdala. Amygdala anatomy highlighting the connectivity between LA, BA, CeL, and CeM, and the PFC and ventral hippocampus. Arrows represent excitatory projections, blunt lines represent inhibitory projections, and dashed lines represent inhibitory projections to brainstem regions responsible for aggression. (D) Microcircuit in the PFC. Panel (D) is similar to Figure 3A but here are included afferent projections from vCA1, which target mostly L5 prelimbic neurons (including L5 parvalbumin interneurons), afferent projections from the BLA, which target mostly L2 prelimbic neurons, and efferent projections to the NAc. Other prefrontal subareas receive vCA1 and BLA projections with different laminar distributions compared with the prelimbic region (not illustrated here). This panel summarizes candidate regions upstream and downstream to the prefrontal cortex that may be considered in future studies aiming at unraveling the circuitry supporting hierarchical behavior. Abbreviation: NAc, nucleus accumbens; PrL, prelimbic cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; VTA, ventral tegmental area; vCA1, ventral CA1; EC, entorhinal cortex; SO, stratum oriens; SP, stratum pyramidale; SR, stratum radiatum; SLM, stratum lacunosum-moleculare; LA, lateral amygdala; BA, basal amygdala; BLA, basolateral amygdala; CeL, centrolateral amygdala; CeM, centromedial amygdala.